Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder leading to various developmental problems ranging from learning disabilities to cognitive impairment. FXS is caused by mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, which usually makes a protein known as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is required for normal brain development, and individuals with FXS do not make this protein. Individuals who have other fragile X-associated disorders (FXTAS) have mutations in their FMR1 gene, but they generally make some FMRP. 

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