Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an immune-mediated rheumatic disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to back pain and stiffness. People with axSpA may also experience extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, anterior uveitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The etiology of axSpA is not completely understood; however, genetic factors are known to play a significant role in disease development. A strong association between axSpA and the inheritance of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) has been established, although its exact role is unclear. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and downstream pathways also likely play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. There is a significant social and physical burden on patients with axSpA as the disease profoundly impacts quality of life and can limit work, school, and daily activities. 

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