Although the standard of care for a disease (when one exists) generally has a well-established track records, it’s a one-size-fits-all remedy that may not be the best option for some patients. Medicine is entering a new era as it becomes increasingly personalized and the number of trials targeting specific subsets of patient populations continue to rise. The definition of “personalized medicine” or “precision medicine” varies, and can refer to an approach that incorporates insights on environmental and behavioral factors, in addition to a patient’s biology or genome, while informing disease treatment or prevention. Some have a more specific view – personalized medicine leverages genetic profiles of patients to create tailored, more targeted interventions to better treat or prevent their conditions. This analysis will hone in on this arm of personalized medicine, exploring the current state of clinical research incorporating this strategy into drug development, and the potential effect of these approaches on the success of such trials.