Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria which accounted for 1.6 million deaths in 2021. Mtb is predominantly a pulmonary pathogen; however, it can also affect other parts of the body. TB is transmitted through the inhalation of infected droplets expelled into the air when a person with active TB sneezes, coughs, or spits. Depending on the status of the host’s immune system, genetic factors, and whether the infection is caused by primary or secondary contact with Mtb, the infection can either be eliminated or limited. 

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