The KOL explains that treatment for dry AMD in Europe primarily involves lifestyle changes, smoking cessation, and dietary supplements like the AREDS2 formula, as there are currently no approved biologic therapies in the EU. While the US has approved anti-complement drugs such as Izervay and Syfovre, these are not available in Europe due to regulatory requirements for functional (visual acuity) endpoints, which the drugs have not met. Photobiomodulation is discussed as a non-invasive, device-based therapy with some evidence for slowing atrophy, but it is not yet widely accepted or reimbursed. The interview also covers several pipeline drugs in clinical trials, including ANX007 and gildeuretinol, but emphasizes that none have shown promising late-stage data and that the unmet need remains high. The most significant unmet needs are therapies that can stop atrophy or restore vision, with stem cell therapy and retinal implants seen as future possibilities. Overall, the landscape is evolving, but for now, treatment options in Europe are limited to supplements and supportive care.

This interview was conducted on September 24, 2025.

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