Esophageal cancer, also termed as cancer of the esophagus, is a cancer which begins in the cells lining the esophagus. The cancer grows outward from the inner layers of the esophageal wall, and can spread to the lymph nodes and other organs such as the lungs, liver, and stomach. Pain and difficulty while swallowing food are the most common symptoms associated with esophageal cancer. These occur due to growth of the tumor, which blocks the pathway to the stomach. Other symptoms can include hoarseness, chest pain, heartburn or indigestion, weight loss, vomiting, pain in the throat or behind the breastbone, and chronic cough. 

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