This interview outlines the Italian treatment landscape, where nearly all locally advanced patients receive chemoradiation, and immunotherapy use is expanding through early access and clinical trials ahead of full reimbursement. In metastatic disease, immunotherapy-based platinum regimens dominate first line, reflecting high PD-L1 prevalence, while second-line treatment rates fall sharply due to poor prognosis and limited efficacy of chemotherapy. The KOL emphasizes significant unmet need after first line, with ADCs viewed as the key mechanism to extend treatment beyond current standards.

This interview was conducted on 18 November 2025.

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